Feriado 9 De Julho

The “Feriado 9 de Julho” in Brazil, known as the Constitutionalist Revolution Day, commemorates the 1932 uprising in the state of São Paulo against the Getúlio Vargas dictatorship. It’s a significant regional holiday, observed primarily in São Paulo, and represents a pivotal moment in Brazil’s struggle for democratization and constitutionalism.

The backdrop to the revolution was the dissatisfaction with Vargas’s provisional government. Having seized power in the 1930 revolution, Vargas initially promised constitutional reform but consistently postponed it. He governed through decrees, appointed interventors (unelected governors) in the states, and centralized power in the federal government. This approach alienated many, particularly in São Paulo, which had traditionally held a position of economic and political dominance.

Paulistas, people from São Paulo, felt increasingly marginalized. The coffee-producing elite, heavily reliant on exports, were particularly aggrieved by Vargas’s economic policies, which they believed favored industrialization over agriculture. The lack of a constitution and elected leadership fueled a growing sense of political unrest. Intellectuals, students, and members of the middle class joined the ranks of those calling for a return to constitutional order.

The call for a new constitution gained momentum, culminating in the formation of the MMDC, a clandestine organization named after the initials of Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio, and Camargo – four students killed in a protest against Vargas in May 1932. This event served as a catalyst for the armed rebellion that began on July 9, 1932.

The Constitutionalist Revolution was a significant military endeavor. Volunteers from all walks of life joined the fight, forming a formidable, albeit under-equipped, army. The Paulistas hoped to inspire similar uprisings in other states, thereby forcing Vargas to convene a constituent assembly. However, São Paulo stood largely alone against the federal forces. The conflict lasted for approximately three months, marked by fierce fighting and considerable loss of life on both sides.

Ultimately, the Constitutionalist Revolution failed militarily. São Paulo surrendered in October 1932, facing superior numbers and resources. Despite the military defeat, the revolution achieved a significant political victory. Vargas, recognizing the strength of public opinion and the deep desire for constitutional governance, eventually convened a constituent assembly. A new constitution was promulgated in 1934, fulfilling the primary demand of the revolutionaries.

The “Feriado 9 de Julho” is therefore a day of remembrance and reflection. It commemorates the courage and sacrifice of those who fought for constitutionalism and democracy in Brazil. It serves as a reminder of the importance of civic engagement and the continuous struggle to uphold democratic principles. Throughout São Paulo, parades, ceremonies, and other events are held to honor the memory of the revolution and its ideals. It is a day that reinforces the Paulista identity and celebrates their role in shaping Brazil’s political landscape.